Kingdom of the Maya civilization

Mayan civilizations of the mission, a very old time

Mayan civilization is the name of the northern Guatemala and parts of Mexico, where tropical forests, Honduras, El Salvador, these areas are home to people of Mayan Indians that culminated year 700 BC. m The arrival of the Spaniards and Europeans to the Americas led to the destruction of this civilization

Features of the Maya civilization may have evolved slowly through the years 700 m and 300 m years old, and called this period Maqil traditional in the lives of the Mayan people. With the beginning of this period, those who speak the Mayan language, living in three adjacent regions of Central America and eastern and southern Mexico

Almaioyun the first people Sons practiced agriculture, and live in small villages scattered in small houses roofed

This civilization reached its peak year 700 BC. M. And to escape the empire of old solutions with the seventh century BC. M, particularly in the southern cities because of diseases, wars and famines and climate. In the year 1000 BC. M. The empire of the modern Maya, and was stronger than it was in the past appeared in the new cities and Yukktan Otzi but most of these cities extinct. In the year 300 AD emerged traditional civilization to the Mayan civilization and has become complicated since the year 300 AD - 900 AD where the major cities of politically independent city and Banic Tikal and Piedras and Ngrass and Copan

In the eighth century and the nineteenth century, began the Mayan civilization classic decline, and the abandonment of the population of cities in the plains of the Interior, War and the failure of agricultural land in the coverage needs of the population and drought, is what is believed to be the cause of its decline, and there is archaeological evidence indicates that war, famine and revolutions internal ruling class And the nobles had prevailed in several parts in the interior

 Spaniards began to control the territory within the limits of the Maya in 1520 and some areas have resisted desperately, and other kingdoms of the Maya, Itza kingdom, not subject to the Spaniards until 1697.
Famous Mayan civilization since the fourth century until the coming of the Spanish administration of the pyramids and peaks above the temples and residences of priests, was also famous for pottery, which was in the form of cylindrical cups her pregnant and with three legs and colored bowls

The writings of the Maya and the work of graphic Fresco (Alovrsk). In western Panama have found traces of gold and pottery, were also found on the graves of their
Known Mayan writing is (hieroglyphic) as defined by calendar year 613, and the Mayan year 18 months 20 days each month. Was added to the year 5 days mismanage the religious rituals practiced

Knew the account was a sophisticated point of unity and the five units and twenty-rod crescent and used to take the forms of human and animal units numerical
The ancient Mayan empire was characterized by its buildings and public houses of senior men and the priests that had been building with stones and also famous for the large Bmdnha Kkolan in Honduras, and some cities build walls around it, and the streets were unpaved and paved roads linking major cities

Maya did not know the vehicles of the calf did not use animals to carry the weight, but they were carrying to trade on their backs, combined with a rope hanging over the chest or the front or take them in small boats, coastal waters and rivers are made of hollow trunks of the trees after their discharge from the drilling

Follow the Mayan writing system is complex, like writing letters hieroglyphic hieroglyphic, and they write down their observations and astronomical calculations and the calculation of the calendar and write their own history and their parents by alliance, and the writing was a mixture of avatars glyphs that represented the full lyrics can be read and pronounce. The recorded scripts engraved on stone pillars and altars altars temples and thresholds for doors, balconies and roof beams, or painted on ceramic pots or in the books made from the bark of trees

 Were planting seeds in a hole Ihvrunha sticks of wood, paint brushes, and then they Bmarson techniques for cultivation expanded and ongoing, and follow the method of farming and intensive crop rotation and fertilizer use, and they were planting gardens around the houses and balconies.
Animals were llamas, dogs, and was the main crop maize, beans and Alovakado, chilies, papaya, pineapple and cocoa, as well as they grow potatoes and tomatoes, and eucalyptus trees, coca

Cocoa drink was a favorite after the addition of water and chili to him, and women were grinding corn Barahy stone and made him a favorite drink or Takbzh Kkaakp over hot slab of clay.
The Almaioyun drink honey and fermented by the bark (peel) trees Albulc balche, and they were hunting rabbits, deer and turkeys to eat their meat, and raise turkeys, ducks and dogs as pets indoors. And after eating fish caught

Comfort during work were making stone tools and clay sculptures of small and precious stones and Inakecon Ijdlon ropes and make baskets and mats. The woman made of pottery with colored fuses wrapped in mud and woven-fiber cotton gowns, shirts, Aprons men Estrua by their nakedness. They were using the bark of wild fig trees pads, which was used in ceremonial purposes
The Kings are called title Kolaho k'ul ahau, meaning the ruling Grand and the sacred, because the king was his political and religious power. The kings ruled through the Council of the rule of hereditary but collapsed after the emergence of powers of the religious establishment, which was for the priests in their authority, was to rule all The city is considered the king of the priest

He entertained the rich elite and the general poor people Medkain. The nobles living in houses built of stone sculpture and plaster walls of the charges, and was dead of nobles buried in the basement of stone, along with collections of pottery, precious stones and sometimes it was placed with a human sacrifice to serve them after death .
Community was mostly Mayan peasants Krajhm villagers performing two thirds of the ruling class and made fun to work with them, and the women and Emctun Aitiln hair and the hairstyle characterized class of women in society, and be wearing embroidered blouses and Kelchibat

Was Almaioyun women and men wear their tattooed masterly drawing. There were domestic slaves and criminals. Slave trade was prevalent, especially the poor and that they are selling themselves in the slave markets. They were either working in the hard work or sacrifice Kodahi buried with their masters to serve them after death.
Mayan communities were living settlements with tribal heads and they were also hereditary rulers, and were ruled by their political and spiritual abilities, where he was believed to have the ability to connect to the super natural powers. And their families were among those representing the upper class. And there was a general council of the clan includes her wise men and the heads of tribes to manage their own affairs the political and religious

 Almaioyun first worship the gods of agriculture deity of rain and maize god, and they offer him a sacrificial offerings to Itoddoa her. The ancient astronomers may have noticed the movements of the sun, moon and planets and made their calendar through astronomical calculations and observations of the celestial bodies.
The observations of astronomers to predict Tbcarham events and happy hours in their life, especially for agriculture or war. Hill and the pyramids that are similar to the hills and made of rubble stones and massacres over the summit altars or temples roofed, were placed in the heart of the settlements for the priests to provide sacrifices sacrifices to the gods above. This set up large-scale pyramids at the site of El Mirador El Mirador in the lowlands of Guatemala, and one of the large buildings of the ancient Maya

In the year 400 BC. m. El Mirador area became a center inhabited and chair of a powerful chiefdom chiefdom. During the passage of time pre-modern traditional Mayan stones used in construction, and were using stone Aloobsidian Obsidian (Flint), a soft volcanic rock, and was brought from the highlands in Guatemala, they made him weapons and instruments, sculptures

In the year 300 AD. Featured traditional civilization of the Maya people, and civilization has become complicated since the year 300 AD - 900 AD where the major cities of politically independent city and Banic Tikal and Piedras and Ngrass and Copan. And was the ruling king of each city is a priest. Referees had their pictures embossed on ICQ No stelae (see: Stella) of the rocks, carrying arms and trying to capture each other to bring them to Kzbaih sacrificial ritual and political purposes. They are destroying parts of cities, especially ceremonial boundaries of the temples, but this did not affect the population and the economy in the same city

  States were fighting each city on a small scale does not exceed the raids and then reverting to blitz Alserba withdrawal, and most of the attackers were of nobles.
In low-lying areas the land of the Maya built large cities and stable where she was populated who were paying tribute in the form of goods or work in the construction of temples, palaces, courtyards, water tanks and elevated bridges over the swamp, and they conceal in their hearts and digging ceilings, floor and walls Balmonp paste limestone red. The sculptors Inakecon on stone pillars News and the date of the families of the rulers and their wars and their victories where

 The domestic trade flourishing between areas of the Maya, where the roads were scattered through the facilitation of transport and communications, and goods were exchanged crops ceramics, feathers of tropical birds, cotton yarn, stone Aloobsidon and crushed salt and dyes red drying insects cochineal scarlet color, and the incense of resin trees Kopal and skin leopard, honey, wax and yarn Cotton and antelope meat smoked and dried fish, and people would sell or barter goods they buy cocoa grains which have been used as currency in buying and selling

 The multiple gods of the Maya and the god was the largest (Hounnap KO) creator of the world, and was the most important gods. And God (Ietzmna) God of heaven, the heavens and the owner of the day and night and sends rain and patron of writing, medicine, and his worship was confined to the priests, and his appearance be in support of the royal family and supporting it. And the God of corn (plant) (Day, Max) and the four gods Chaks gods of rain. Each of them refers to the god side of the four cardinal a cardinal direction and has its own color. The women Iabdn god of the rainbow (X cripple), which was linked to healing, childbirth and lactation

Consider all the Mayan goddess (Ikstubb) Goddess of suicide because they believed that suicide bombers go private in the sky.
Almaioyun was practicing rituals and celebrations of the liturgy to the living of these gods in the first year Mayan in July or in a state of emergency as drought, famine, epidemics and drought. They congregate in a public square to honor the gods and put the feathers over the gates of the arena. The groups of men and women put their clothes over their heads and feathers and small bells in their hands and feet when the rhythm of the dance arena drums and flutes and the sounds of trumpets. The worshipers were drinking a popular drink, and some participants were taking LSD of human sacrifices

Al-Ahram was stone temples, the temple was decorated in low relief or a decree designs and forms a neat, which is buried in a vertical slab of stone carved also known as custom roof roof comb. The facade of the temple, decorated with stone arches Pintoaouat corbeled arches distinct. It was all praises arch of stone and every room was extended beyond the room underneath, and set aside the bow was linked with a stone keystone nodes above them. He was called before the altar of incense smoke, which was burned in censers pottery, and the devotees offer gifts of corn, fruit, birds, fishing, and the blood that was worshiper gets punctured his lips or tongue or penis Bmharraz.

 For the ultimate honor of the victims were Mayan providing human children, slaves andprisoners of war. The victim was painted blue and kills over the top of the pyramid in theceremonial ritual beat him with arrows until death or after restricting the forearms and legs while the priest find his chest with a sharp knife sacred from flint to clinch the heart to give an offering,and the leaders were prisoners of the enemy brought a victim after the killing with axes centralceremony of the ritual .