Greek Civilization

Of the oldest world civilizations because of their history, civilization, the Greeks, or, Hellenism, the term refers to the historical period (from 750 BC to 146 BC), and culture that spread the Greek civilization in the Mediterranean, Eastern Europe and Asia, integrated With local cultures

 Greeks wanted to configure the largest empire in the history of Asia and Europe after the capture of East Persia, Babylon, India and the Levant, Egypt and North Africa has achieved this dream their son Alexander. At the beginning of the fourth century BC. M. Macedonians began to influence the events of the Greeks in Greece, especially after the rivalry between Sparta and Athens. The Persians Iwlponhma against each other. The city of Athens and then an independent state and its parliament. In this age of the call to unite the Greeks and Macedonians to face the Persian threat. Aristotle was an advocate for the account of Alexander to the invitation of the unit to the enslavement of peoples. And Aristotle was sending money to his teacher Flaton to send people to Asia to collect information and spying on the natural horse

 Civilization emerged Greece Balkan Peninsula and the Gulf of the Aegean Sea in the northern coast of the Mediterranean region a narrow mountain plains, dotted with a group of small islands in the Aegean Sea. The impact site on the ancient Greece civilization significant impact. It is close to the source of the ancient eastern civilizations "Egypt - Levant - Iraq - Vinkie as the islands of Crete and Cyprus as the main crossing point to connect to the cultural and trade to those regions and in Asia Minor and the coast of Africa , North. As well as the coast of Greece West and nearby islands which serve as the west gate of ancient Greece, including the Download the traders and migrants civilization to the Italian peninsula, and thus arose the Roman civilization, and so the geographical location helped Greece to play the role of the civilizations of the Middle importer and distributor of them to the rest of Europe

 As well as the divided terrain, mountains high Greece to a group of regions limited space and isolated because of the difficulty of communication between them, which led to the emergence of states around the major cities and important now to each city to rely on the same terms the political, economic and competed in these cities with each other and varied interests and conflicting goals. Has resulted in the nature of the mountainous country to the direction of her family to the sea as a means of communication because it was easy to install Greek sea to bear the hardship of passing the Highlands, and then it was a civilization Greeks civilization free trade , And the fleet and private fleet the city of Athens a milestone in the Greek civilization, and has easy access riding the sea from the bays, islands and peninsulas spread Greek coasts and around to the people of the country to travel to multiple destinations emigrated and settled by them or returned assets and ideas from other civilizations

 Spread of the Kingdom of Muaria in east India to ancient Egypt in the west and Turkey in the north and Syria, the entire south and is considered the greatest kingdoms of the ancient Greeks in history. Existed Greece in a unique location: Appeared civilization of ancient Greece Peninsula, the Balkans and the Gulf of the Aegean Sea in the northern coast of the Mediterranean region of mountainous plains narrow, scattered by a group of small islands in the Aegean Sea. The impact site on the ancient Greece civilization significant impact

It is close to the source of the ancient civilizations of the East, "Egypt - Levant - Iraq" as the islands of Crete and Cyprus as the main crossing point to connect to the cultural and commercial actors and those in Asia Minor and the coast of North Africa. As well as the coast of Greece-west and islands near it, as the west gate of ancient Greece, such as carrying traders and migrants civilization to the Italian peninsula, and thus created a civilization the Romans and thus helped the geographical location Greece to act as importer of the civilizations of the East and the distributor have the rest of Europe

As well as the divided terrain, mountains high Greece to a group of regions limited space and isolated because of the difficulty of communication between them, which led to the emergence of states around the major cities and important now to each city to rely on the same terms the political, economic and competed in these cities with each other and varied interests and conflicting goals. Has resulted in the nature of the mountainous country to the direction of her family to the sea as a means of communication because it was easy to install Greek sea to bear the hardship of passing the Highlands, and then it was a civilization Greeks civilization free trade , And the fleet and private fleet the city of Athens a milestone in the Greek civilization, and has easy access riding the sea from the bays, islands and peninsulas spread Greek coasts and around to the people of the country to travel to multiple destinations emigrated and settled by them or returned assets and ideas from other civilizations

 The Greeks called the people themselves or Alakhien Alhelinyin, has appeared civilization BC Boukmsmip and fifty years passed and stages three:

Alorge era - the classical age - the age Alhelenese

Greek civilization arose in the eighth century BC

Greeks were the first civilizations on the territory of a small circular called "Cyclades" in the Aegean Sea. Where the population was growing olives and grapes, grain raising animals for the purpose of milk - meat. They were producing pots and statues of marble sculpture, the use of leaves, and inscriptions made of volcanic rock, bronze

 Centuries later, disaster struck on the owners of this city, the impact of a devastating earthquake followed by a volcanic eruption a huge burn most of the Cyclades, while flourished elsewhere, an island of Crete arose oldest civilizations of the region in the islands scattered in the east Mediterranean and then later moved to Greece and the island of Crete is the center and foundation of that civilization, which included after the islands of the Aegean, Rhodes, Cyprus and Greece. And returns the oldest traces of that civilization, to three thousand years BC and lasted almost a millennium in

 That civilization has been divided into three periods as stated. He was on the name of this civilization civilization Alminocp relative to Minos, a king mentioned in the ancient myths that rule of the island of Crete. There were trade relations and cultural contacts between the owners of that civilization in Egypt, was transferred Alkretyon a lot about Egypt, and found traces of Egyptian Bakrit and so I found forever and Crafts Graduate CRETEIL found in archeological sites in Egypt

At a time when civilization Cretan collapse and decay began to flourish civilization to the tribes migrated to the Balkan Peninsula (the southern part of Greece), after they were able to stabilize them for centuries, not of the Greeks first backs a unified state that brought them together all under control, but they have several states separate from each other and each had the mandate of the government and its laws, its army and perhaps the reason is that the Greece of the country's mountainous difficult to do a unified state where, but in spite of the independence of the States of the Greek from each other, they were out of one of their religion and their culture and one

      Classical Age (500 BC - AD / 323 BC - AD)

When the era of Almisinyin, solved a major crisis in Greece so I called this period the dark era, which lasted for 400 years, so I think that people no longer remember how to write to the absence of any documents or signs of what they were doing. Imbued with a hunger, people started slowly, until they were determined to leave this land to search for new land saturation needs, Vzhbwaily coast of Asia Minor and the Aegean, they stopped at the land.

In the eighth century BC the Greeks began reclaiming their culture and their prosperity and immigrants of whom have been deployed around the Black Sea to the north-east and west to southern Italy, until he deployed to Spain and France most of the immigrants worked as farmers and a few of them cared pillar of trade. Began the stability of the Greeks when the producers back to Greece to liberate the shortage there, turning the Black Sea port in those days from the port of grain and trees crowded to the port wine, honey and olive oil.

By the sixth century BC, many cities have emerged as dominant in Greek affairs: Athens and Sparta. In ancient Greece, people speak one language and no more, and worship the same God and share the same clothes until the eighth century BC. Because of the separation of cities and divided by barriers to the sea or mountains. Most cities Kotheina and Sparta and Corinth is known of its buildings and their regions surrounded by high farmers who grow crops and raise animals. Each city has its own system of government and ways of doing business, so they made for each city god to protect them in particular for other cities, Phippnon his temple in the Acropolis, a Alokervoll. The ongoing battles between the cities where they were fighting each other, and most powerful cities in Greece at that time Athens and Sparta, which were in permanent conflict to the intensity of competition between them. But at a time of distress was healed of new respondents, for example, when the Persian invasion of their country did not find autism seemed to triumph over the invaders.

 Civilization of Sparta.

Emerged in ancient Greece some cities, especially cities have contributed a significant contribution in building the Greek civilization are the cities of Sparta and Athens. According to Greek mythology, Fmwss Sparta is Akdeimun, son of the god Zeus and the gods Tajit, has called on the name of his wife, daughter Iorautas. Sparta went to the military regime after it was forced to fight long wars with its neighbors, led by Athens, with whom it fought a devastating war that lasted for a quarter of a century known Albjelobonip war, but Athens and Sparta soon united in 481 BC . M, although Hroppema

, When presenting the Persians towards Greece, and was able to Athens addressed in the first campaign, but that the campaign Persian II, to destroy the army of Athens, except that the Spartans secured the withdrawal less the loss of the army Athenian, strive in which 300 of the bravest leaders of Sparta military, led by Eonaides and stood face the Persian army Until the army withdrew Athens jars to a secure site

 The system of government in Sparta is based on a democratic basis to some extent depends on the authorities in the distribution of four elements: 1 - dual ownership of the individual so as not unique to the king and the one sentence. 2 - Senate consists of 28 members (and required to be at least member for sixty years). 3 - General Assembly to include all male citizens when reached the age of thirty. 4 - implementation of any cabinet officers, five elected by the people and running them all and job for a period of one year. Between 740-720 BC the war Mycenaean first, was able to Sparta which expanded its territory by seizing the fort of Mount Latium included Messina (west of Sparta), during the reign of King Tjubombos. And between 660-640 BC, the war took place Mycenaean II, and it was eighty years of Spartan's Messinia, Messinia people rebelled against Spartan rule, and disobedience in support of the rulers of the Greek city-states in the north and east, which was at odds with Sparta

When the greater economic and political dislocations in Messinia and the loss of many of the Spartan land acquired after the first war, hastened to Sparta to impose its influence in the Messinia and innovated Alospartion In preparation for that war, the tactics based on the pool infantry battalion armed to all types of weapons (spears, swords, Gears, shields and protectors of the Parties), and this tactic has spread in the wars in the world after that, after the Spartans. Sparta won a victory in the war apron, brought prestige to all Greek cities, but the making of them a new nation, the State does not know is war

Alasparti community was composed of three tribes, the male-dominated society, women are marginalized. And educated males between 14-20 years of age by the state and receive an intensive military education, and the ages of 20-30 are enrolled in the army all, and are the largest of the thirty-Men meet in clubs in cities, and eating their meals together. Perhaps the reason PHP this militarism that the location of Sparta was far from the sea, not in front of the means to meet the population increase but the expansion in the surrounding country, making it the whip of punishment for its neighbors, has been Sparta strong and in control of most of Greece thanks to their strength and their military for a period of two hundred years, an exclamation point when he fell from the people is falling, but what of the grief of the nation.

 Arrived in Athens to the leadership of the Greek cities in the fifth century BC, since two thousand and five hundred years ago and amounted to a great amount of progress and civilization and is considered by historians of that period Tarejhahi most flourishing periods in the history of not Athinabul in the history of the Greeks as a whole.

 And Athens was the capital of a mountain poor desolate with the exception of some canyons in the mountains where he grew wheat, grapes and olives, also gave her the mountains a lot of metals and stones, especially marble that made him the Athenians many of the statues also found people on the shores of river clay, pure made him their vessels pottery has Awwadhm the sea for much of what Avckaddoh in their own land setting the their nature coast with ports and bays, natural as interested Athenians trade much attention and reached to the invention of the currency helped to recovery, The currency has facilitated the collection and storage of more than agricultural products or livestock and other tools of the bargain that was used for the exchange of Egypt and other countries of the ancient Near East

Perhaps the most important made by Athens to humanity is the idea of democracy despite the different concept in our time, and the word democracy is made up of two syllables (Demos) and the sense of people (Kratos) in the sense of any rule (Demos Kratos), a (rule by the people). However, there is no doubt that in the Athens and other Greek cities parliaments and become a citizen the right to express opinion and to participate in decision-making on all care about the back of legislators who enact laws and put the regulations. There was a wide gap between rich and poor in Athens, the poor resorted to borrowing from the rich and the prevalent custom among that is unable to pay high-interest debt becomes a slave to the creditor and work in farms and sold into slavery. Have continued and the situation gets worse and the gap between rich and poor are growing and expanding to the eye, "Solon" a ruler on them. Solon was born in Athens to a noble family. He was known at first as a poet. The poems have a significant role in urging the Athenians to recover the island of Salamis, which was under foreign hands for a long time. I command the troops sent to recover the island. He has subjected rapidly. He was chosen after it Arjona (NDP I) and was entrusted with the authority to change the laws 

And Athens was in dire need of political and economic change. The bulk of the wealth concentrated in the hands of a few influential citizens and farmers had been forced to mortgage their land to borrow money against the providers themselves and their families guarantees of the debt. Solon issued a law abolishing all those debts and mortgages, and Yun, who became slaves. He also modify the financial systems, making it easier for foreign trade. The only amendment introduced by Solon in Athens Foreign trade is the version of the law prohibits the export of grain

Constitutional reforms, Solon returned, a division of citizens into four classes according to income. And allows citizens of all classes to become members of the Legislative Assembly and in the civil courts. Solon has established a council of 400 people, in the performance of political authorities in the Areopagus (Judicial Council) and established the People's Courts that citizens can plead to appeal against decisions and state employees. Solon has been kept on the conditions under which the old are entitled to only the top three layers of high-level public positions are entitled only to the top layer to assume the position of Alorkhoun. Has kept these conditions on any oligarchic minority rule, but Solon reforms were a step in the uncertain road to democracy.
Solon has been said that the Athenians to make its laws confer on him the obligation for a period of 10 years. He then flew to the east and visited Egypt, where he stayed for a long time to brief the civilization, and when he returned after 10 years the country was found locked in a civil war and quickly took control of Bezistratos things. After his opposition Bezistratos, Solon retirement and away from public life

 Hellenistic Greek

Long as the Hellenistic Greek period from 323 BC to the annexation of the Greek peninsula and islands by Rome in 146 BC. Despite the establishment of Roman state did not end the continuity of Hellenistic society and culture, which remained unchanged until Mjiealchristih, which did not mark the end of Greek civilization and political independence.
During the Hellenistic period the importance of "Greece proper" (ie the territory of modern Greece) within the Greek-speaking world declined sharply. Great centers of Hellenistic culture were Alexandria and Antioch, capitals of Ptolemaic seleucid Syria and Egypt respectively. See Hellenistic civilization for the history of Greek culture outside of Greece in this period.
Conquests of Alexander had a number of consequences for the Greek city - States. It is largely to expand the horizons of the Greeks, and led to a steady migration, particularly of youth and ambition, to the new Greek empires in the East. Many Greeks migrated to a lot of new cities in the Hellenistic East, which was founded in the wake of Alexander 's, as far as what is now Afghanistan and Pakistan, where Greco - Bactrian Kingdom, India and the Greek Kingdom survived until the end of the first century BC.

Third century

The empire disintegrated "seleucid" gradually, from war-torn "diadochi 323-285" BC, and by 247 BC, giving way for parthia.
Antigonus II died in 239 BC. And witnessed the death of another city of the revolution - States "achaean" of the University, which was "aratus" the dominant figure of the "sicyon". "Antigonus" I'm "demetrius" II died in 229 BC, leaving the child (Philip V) a king, with the year "antigonus doson" as guardian. The Achaeans, while nominally subject to Ptolemy, were in fact independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Athens remained aloof from this conflict based on mutual agreement.
Sparta remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC, king of Sparta, "cleomenes" third "achaea" invaded and seized control of the University. "Aratus" preferred remote nearby Macedon to Sparta, and allied with "doson" himself, who in 222 BC and defeated the "spartans" attached to their city - Sparta the first time ever occupied by a foreign country

Second century

In 202 BC Rome defeated Carthage, and was free to turn its attention eastwards, urged the owner the Greek Allies, Rhodes pergamum. 198 in the Second Macedonian War broke out for obscure reasons, but mainly because Rome saw Macedon as a potential ally of seleucids, the greatest state in the east. Philip's allies in Greece deserted him and in 197 BC, was decisively defeated in the cynoscephalae by the Roman proconsul Titus quinctius flamininus.
In 192 BC, war broke out between Rome and the ruling seleucid antiochus III, who was defeated in the thermopylae in 191 BC. In the course of this war Roman troops crossed into Asia for the first time, where he defeated again in the magnesium oxide antiochus sipylum (190 BC). Greece now lay across Rome with the eastern line of communications, and Roman troops became a permanent presence. Peace of apamaea (188 BC) left Rome in a dominant position in all parts of Greece. When Philip V died in 179 BC he was succeeded by his son Perseus, like all the Macedonian kings, who dreamed of the Union under the rule of the Macedonian Greeks. Macedonian is now too weak to achieve this goal, but Rome's ally eumenes second pergamum convince Rome that Perseus was a threat to the position of Rome

 In 168 BC the Romans sent Lucius aemilius paullus to Greece, and when pydna Macedonians were defeated overwhelmingly. Perseus was captured and taken to Rome, the Macedonian kingdom was divided into four smaller states. Under the leadership of a venture called andriscus, Macedonian revolt Roman rule in 149 BC: As a result, have been directly attached to the following year and became a Roman province, the first of the Greek states to suffer this fate. Rome now demanded that achaean University, the last stronghold of Greek independence, and resolved. The Achaeans refused and declared war on Rome. Roman consul Lucius mummius advanced from Macedonia and defeated the Greeks at Corinth, which razed to the ground. In 146 BC in the Greek peninsula, but not in the islands, and became a Roman protectorate. Roman taxes were imposed, except in Athens and Sparta, and all the cities had to accept the rule of Rome by local allies. In 133 BC the last king of pergamum died and left his kingdom to Rome: this brought most of the Aegean peninsula under direct Roman rule as part of the Province of Asia

Romanian Greek

 Romans and Greece in the period of Greek history (of Greece right in contrast to other centers of Hellenism in the Roman world (after the Roman Corinthians victory at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC until the re-establishment of the city of Byzantium and named the city by Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire) as Nova Roma, in the later Constantinople) in 330.
Over the centuries, and the second and third, Greece was divided into provinces, including achaea, Macedonia, epirus, Thrace and moesia. In the era of diocletian in the late third century, was moesia Organization as a parish, and was ruled galerius. Under Constantine, and Greece was part of the provinces of Macedonia and Thrace. Theodosius I divided the mandate of Macedonia to the provinces of creta, achaea, thessalia, epirus vetus, epirus Nova, and Macedonia. Aegean islands formed the province of insulae in the province of Asiana. Ashth

Community

Freedom, to own land, born in the United States men could be citizens entitled to full legal protection in the city - the state (later Pericles View exceptions born in the United States of registration). In most cities - states, unlike Rome, social importance does not allow private rights. For example, was born in a certain family generally brought no special privileges. Sometimes families religious public functions it controls, but this usually does not give any additional power in the government. In Athens, the population was divided into four social classes based on wealth. People could change classes if they made more money. In Sparta, all male citizens were given the title of equal if finished their education. However, Spartan kings, which served as the city - the state dual military and religious leaders, came from two families. Slaves had no power or status. Have the right to a family and own property, but did not have any political rights. By 600 BC chattel slavery had spread in Greece. By the fifth century BC slaves made up one third of the total population in some states - the cities. Slaves outside of Sparta almost never revolted because they were composed of a very large number of nationalities and were too scattered to organize.

  Most families owned slaves as domestic servants and workers, and even poor families have owned a few slaves. Owners were not allowed to beat or kill the slaves. And often promised to free the slave-owners in the future to encourage slaves to work hard. Unlike what happened in Rome, slaves who were freed did not become citizens. Instead, they were mixed to the population of metics, which included people from foreign countries or other cities - states who were officially allowed to live in the state.
City - legally States owned slaves. These public slaves had the greatest measure of independence than slaves owned by families, and those who live alone and perform specialized tasks. In Athens, public slaves were trained to look out for counterfeit coinage, while temple slaves work as servants of the temple of the god.
Sparta was there a special type of slaves called helots. Helots were Greek war captives owned by the state and for families where they were forced to stay. Helots raised food and did household chores so that women can focus on gathering powers of children while men could devote their time to training as hoplites. Their masters treated them harshly and helots often revolted

 Education

 For education in Greek history, and your Jaddaltalim, except in Sparta. During the Hellenistic period, and some cities - states established public schools. Can not afford wealthy families teacher. Boys learned reading, writing, and taken from the literature. They also learned to sing and play a musical instrument, one has also been training athletes for military service. Not studied in order to function, but to become an active citizen in society. Girls also learned reading, writing and simple arithmetic to be able to manage the family and the management of Alehiapalmaechih. Alnhen almost never received education after childhood.
Children go to school at the age of seven, or go to the barracks, Amama they lived in Sparta. There are three types of education are: Account, music, dance, and sports.

Boys from wealthy families who attend classes at private schools and taken care of before, nanny home Awalrgiq "maid" which was chosen for this task to accompany the boy during the day. Held in the ranks of teachers, including private homes, in reading, writing, mathematics, singing, playing the harp and flute. When the boy became 12 years of teaching begins to include sports, wrestling, running, discus and javelin. In Athens some older youths attended academy for the finer disciplines such as culture, science, music and the arts. The study ended at the age of 18, followed by military training in the army usually for one or two years.
A small number of boys continued their education after childhood, as in the Spartan. A crucial part of a wealthy teenager's education was a mentorship with the Sheikh, which in some places and times that could have included love. The teenager learned by watch his mentor talking about politics in the agora, helping him perform his public duties, exercising with him in the gymnasium and attending symposia with him. The richest students continued their education by studying with famous teachers. Some of Athens' greatest such schools included the Lyceum and the Academy. Education system of the wealthy ancient Greeks is also called.

Economy.

At its economic height, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, ancient Greece was the most advanced economy in the world. According to some historians, economic, and was one of the most advanced industrial economies in advance. It is clear that of the average daily wage of the Greek worker which was, in terms of wheat, and about 12 kg. This was more than 3 times the average daily wage of an Egyptian worker during the Roman period, about 3.75 kg

Architecture

 Interested in the Greeks great attention architecture and built temples very Alruahp and creativity is the most famous temple of the Parthenon on a hill Alokervoll supervisor of the city and dedicated to the goddess Athena, was built on a marble base surrounded by columns of which there were in the front and eight on the two long sides of seventeen, and the total length of each column seven meters has been set up at the top of the columns from the inside of the marble frieze depicts a procession formal review of the goddess Athena, one of the most beautiful sculpture artist "Vdias." The transfer of this band as a whole in the early last century to England where he now displays in the British Museum in London, Amir Hijazi participated with them in building a lot of museums

Philosophy

Almost brings together historians of philosophy that it had originated in Greece since the sixth century BC and dating usually start {Btalis}, who lived on the coast of Ionian and was born in Mlatip in in 624 BC The word philosophy is not evidence of date on what we mean today just thinking just and analysis of mental problems humanity and metaphysical, but it shows as well as any activity that my mind his rights to control nature and understanding of the phenomena mysterious also said the philosophy it is a Greek origin and it's a miracle Greek, but this belief start diminishing with the emergence of discoveries of modern effects and the writings of the philosophies of Eastern civilizations ancient

The Greek philosophy of the greatest legacy of the Greeks, human thought has occupied the minds of the analysis of important problems in life and get the secrets of the universe and tried to answer difficult questions such as: What is right? What is beauty? What is the meaning of life virtuous ?.... Etc., Is enough to mention the name of the Socrates largest Flasvethm which impacted heavily on the philosophy of the East and West was Socrates believed that the controversy and the debate had come to the truth, and he was inclined to criticism and debate and refuses to accept something without evidence or proof, and informed the Greeks that the search for truth and the truth and beauty and goodness is the highest goals, has led him and his courage Arguing that he was sentenced to death since accused him of being aware of how people Ejadulen and rebel against the customs of the city and the traditions of the ancients

 Literature

Transfer from the Phoenicians, the Greeks the alphabet, Zarroaaleha animated characters that have helped them to record many of their literary they held poetry and prose, which dealt with issues relating to particular news stories of wars and their heroes and myths of religion. He lost a large part of these literary works, leaving us only fragments of them. His most famous poets of the Greeks and the oldest poet "Homer," which was organized in the ninth century BC Mhamtin adorable: the Iliad and the Odyssey, and alerting them revolve around the legendary figures in the work of the heroic wars of the Greeks with Trojan

Has turned most of the writers and poets of the Greeks around the stage and in particular towards the theater tragic any tragic events of the most famous poets of tragedy, "Sophocles," who lived in the fifth century BC, best known for his theatrical "Ontitjoni "It depicts the conflict which is taking place in the heart of the hero between loyalty to friends and loyalty to the country and ending The story that the soldier must be loyal to only one thing is orders of his commander. Among the most famous who wrote in the comedy any novels sardonic comic "Oristofns," who lived in the fifth century and the early fourth century BC. M majoring in the attack on the politicians and leaders of the war, has reached the freedom of thought, then that showed "Oristofns" on stage the leaders of Athens adults in the picture Funny. It is worth mentioning that "Brcellis" allocated a sum of money the state to replace the amount paid Almwaltnon paid to watch the presentation of plays and offers of sports in festivals and celebrations, and his argument was that the plays and games should not be a luxury the competence of the layers rich alone It is designed in consideration to raise the cultural level and social status of all population

Science

 Main articles: Ancient Greek geography, Greek astronomy, Greek and mathematics, and medicine in ancient Greece, history (Herodotus), and Aristotle. The Greeks derived much of the assets of the science of ancient Egypt and succeeded in converting a lot of Njarb and expertise to the Egyptian theories and scientific laws, and then science has made great progress during the golden age of Athens, especially in the field of medicine. We have reached the Greeks to know that the brain is the center of sense and taste which is controlled in other organs as they knew that the flow of blood in the arteries, organized by the heart. Among the most famous doctors Hippocrates, who is still doctors in science all chanting his oath before the practice of the profession, and who considered Abu human medicine, as well as the Greeks excelled in many other sciences, especially nature, astronomy and mathematics

Art

He became known as the Greeks abilities art, especially in the art of carving statues have started their activities in this area tradition of statues of the Egyptian, was able artist of Greek and especially Athenian after a big effort took more than a century of knowledge fully conversant with the installation of the human body and configure, and then use this knowledge in making statues wonderful .. Tried to show the movement and shape of the body and the folds of clothing that excelled where many did not leave the Greek artist article is located in the hand and can only be used and used, especially limestone, marble, clay and burnt wood.

The gold is used sometimes in the representation of clothing, and ivory carving in salient parts of the human body as an "Vdias" months artist in Athens in the preparation of his statues golden ivory, such as a statue of the goddess Athena goddess of wisdom , Which was held in the temple of the Parthenon in Athens, has been portrayed by statues of gods and humans and animals is better photography and excelled the Greeks in particular Tmmthel athletes who were practicing sports and women, who walk with dignity in religious processions or they Menhmkat in their house, as well as the horses are moving gracefully in the light. The Greeks also excelled in the arts of painting and drawing and taking pictures of their daily lives and legends Mabboudathm on the walls of temples and buildings.