City of Petra

Petra Fine or rocks the city of the seven modern wonders of the world, Petra, also called items, a historic city located in the Jordan south of the country, 225 km south of the capital Amman to the west of the main road connecting the capital city of Amman and Aqaba

 * Petra is considered the most important archaeological sites in Jordan and in the world that there is no parallel in the world, recently won second place in the international competition for the Seven Wonders of which is a complete city carved in the rock pink color (hence the name Petra means rock in Greek) (offset in Nabatiyah Rgimo) and Petra also known as pink city relative to the color of the rocks that formed to build, a city resembled Matkon Citadel

 Built by the Nabataeans in 400 BC and made it their capital and in the vicinity of the city, Jebel Haroun, who is believed to contain the tomb of the Prophet Aaron, peace be upon him and the seven springs that Moses hit the rock with his stick Vtfjrt. Petra was selected as one of the 7/7/2007 the new seven wonders of the world

Petra was the capital of the Nabataeans, the most important cities of their kingdom, which lasted from 400 BC to 106 AD, has extended its borders from the coast of Ashkelon in Palestine in the west to the desert of Syria in the east. And from the north of Damascus to the Red Sea to the south, a site of Petra average between civilizations Mesopotamia and the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt economic importance has held the state Nabatean control of trade between the civilizations of these regions, its population and the commercial convoys reach it loaded with spices and condiments from the southern Arabian Peninsula and silk from Gaza, Damascus and henna from Ashkelon, glassware of Tyre and Sidon, and pearls from the Persian Gulf

end of the state was the Nabataeans by the Romans when Hasroha and prevented by the water sources in 105 and named it the Arab state. In the year 636 became Petra live on the remainder of the population on agriculture, but the earthquake that hit the year 746/748 and earthquakes emptied of its people

With the start of flights Orientalists of the Arab world in the nineteenth century was the discovery of Petra in 1812 at the hands of Swiss orientalist Johann Ludwig Barakaart who learned Arabic and studied Islam in Syria and came to Petra, claiming that he was Muslim from India to deny the Islamic attire and objective to make a sacrifice to the Prophet Aaron and this allowed him to enter the local population to the city of the Rosary, and contains the book printed in 1828 and known as trips in Syria, home to the sacred pictures of Petra

 One of the most renowned graphics that Petra was the lithography painted by David Roberts of Petra and the Wadi Moussa during his visit in 1839 and the more than twenty lithographic plate has been printed many of them, which gave Petra international fame. There are many of Petra, paintings and other images dating back to the nineteenth century which shows how the attention has brought re-discovered on Europe at the time. Of famous works of Petra for a painting watercolor scenes of Petra artist Hranz about 1840 and the first map of the manuscript of Petra in English to draw travelers to eBuddy about 1830 and the pictures of Petra photography Freight in 1830 [and the width of the cabinet 28 meters and a height of 39.5 meters, and there are several statues of structural (remains of the Nabataeans)

Petra, carved into the rock and hiding behind an impenetrable barrier of rugged mountains, barely porous of mysterious charm. The traffic Balseq a corridor through a narrow aspects of the towering height that barely allow the passage of the sun, provides a dramatic contrast with the magic and suddenly the next open slot on the field of naturally includes the famous Treasury of Petra carved into the rock, glowing with sun-gold)  

There are several interfaces that entice the visitor on until the ancient city, one monument leads to another teacher Bantoa distances. The overall size of the city as well as beautifully carved facades is in shock and makes the visitor gives an idea of the level of creativity and industry of the Nabataeans who made Petra their capital more than 2000 years ago. From their capital at the Nabataeans were able to establish a network of caravan routes which brought spices, incense, myrrh, gold, silver and precious stones from India and the Arabian Peninsula, to be traded in the west

Result of the wealth they acquired, they adorned their city with palaces, temples and arches. As you set off from the gate entrance to the town the valley is quite wide and open. This section is a narrow entrance known as the Siq door. First Maatmr is set jinn which is a cluster of three freestanding rock cubes just to the right of the corridor and the passage of more through the slit visitor sees the tomb inscriptions carved in the cliff in a moment turn into the corridor from the broad to the gap dark does not exceed a few feet and suddenly a few Steps to get your first glimpse of the finest achievement of Petra the Treasury that looks like the eye under the hot sun and carved in the rock

 The height of this interface is about 39.1 meters and Oibulg view about 25.30 meters, and the length of the columns on the first floor about 12.65 meters, and in the second floor about 9 meters, and the jar on the kiosk, which stands at a height of 3.50 meters. Composed interface cabinet of two sections: the upper and underparts, with the triangle broken and ring the building, lower part is composed of six columns, where the pillars of the center, separated from the wall, and column capitals of the first type "plant ", There are some differences between the forms of plant crowns, and above the columns Ifrish decorated with pairs of winged beasts, including vases, and their tails curled a trunks and interrelated, and both sides of the frieze on the face of highlights from the leaves of plants. Above the triangle shape (Pediment) solar disk between the horns and ears of wheat, which symbolizes the goddess Isis (Isis) Egyptian, as we find in the middle of the frieze of acanthus leaves come out, have been distorted, and the top sides of the triangle stands the winged animal

 And identification of these formats impact of Egyptian civilization in terms of content, as we at the space side of the column base topped by a carved, which is a form of human being standing in front of a horse, and was sculpted forms of horses and camels in the arts Nabataean funerary and clear, namely to help them to transfer the deceased in his journey to beyond life. As for the upper part of the cabinet is composed of six front columns and eight columns of the background, which is attached to the walls and the capitals of the second kind "of plant

 In the middle of the interface we ring the building a pitched roof in the form of tents, topped by a crown pillar and jar, but Alifrisp higher, they are decorated with leaves various plant, and forms of pomegranates, grapes, pine, including the faces of human figures, and above Alifrisp aspects shape of a triangle Broken (Broken-Pediment). In addition to all of these motifs, we find between the columns front and rear, sculptures statues on the rules, have been distorted in a subsequent period, in the middle ring the building (Tholos) stands a statue of the gods (Isis) with ears of wheat, which symbolizes her, the gods of death, Egypt, on its side between the columns, we find statues of Victory

, And triangles, we find the highest forms of bird sculptures of an eagle. We find symmetry in the interface to a large extent, in terms of architectural decoration and engineering, with the carvings on the sides is not identical to each other, but they are coordinated with each other or with the interface, so that was suitable for variety . Dahlman has been described (Dalman) interface as a cabinet composed of the temple facades, front and rear and placed on top of each, the basement shows the entrance of the temple, and the top shows on the campus of the sacred (Sanctuary).

, Has added that this combination was replicated in the building of the monastery and the tomb Alchornthi only, which is against tradition, but appropriate to the place. There were several theories for the origin of the Treasury, has tried a large number of researchers to find buildings like it, you may be a source of inspiration for the design of the Treasury. He found several that derive from the buildings in Alexandria, a temple Cleo Petra and the library, while noting Babncicr (Papenstecher) to a ring the building (Tholos), in many private homes and palaces, where she was surrounded by porticoes (), has been found Starkey (Starcky) that the interface of the Treasury, reflecting the architecture in the city of Alexandria, Egypt during the Hellenistic era

And in any case, we find that this interface mixes Eastern influences, and actress of the gods and animals, superstitious Egyptian, Syrian Eagle, and the form of a JAR East, with the methods of Hellenistic, as well as to the nature of Nabataean in the forms and decoration of crowns, cornice, and some properties of statues between architectural elements classic. Similar to the lower part of the Treasury, a temple of style Alchornthi six columns above the base of low-rise, and column ends with crowns class Alchornthi but they do not resemble the crowns that we know in Jerash, Baalbek, which returns to the second century AD, in which case we do not find only two rows of paper acanthus, and the third row instead of carving artist floral decorations are very accurate, come out of a pine cone, to occupy the middle of flat or Alapacos

 And then click the column runs put to music class ion, was broken between the last two columns on each side, and the frieze above the sculpture is also a model ion, consisting of floral designs, animals mythical between time-like pottery, which abound in the cemetery, called pots tears (Lecmrimaria). The Triangle Vicll four pillars Central, not the total columns, as is the case in the temples Romanian, and within abound floral Surrounding with a woman who has distorted his features, and can be likened to gods experience enlightenment, currently located at the Museum of Amman, At the top of the triangle pillar (Acrckrium) carrying sun disk flanked by two horns and ears of wheat, a symbol that the Egyptian goddess Isis, and the gods that correspond to the HATOR gods Astarte at High,

The triangle is based on the base of the second floor decorated with a frieze of flowers, and statues of sphinxes at the ends. Differs from the second round for the first round, in terms of decoration and architecture, in the middle stall round the so-called Greek (Tholos) surrounded by columns Corinthian, and the upper roof-like repression, end the crown of Corinthian and the jar, placed where usually the ashes of the dead, but here a symbolic as it is hollow, has been broken because the Bedouin were opening fire on them, Danin they contain safe Pharaoh, This has been a name circulating Even today, on both sides of the kiosk Binaan decorated with columns, above them the triangle is broken, and then click the angles remains Eagles crushed, and these buildings form the corridor is about the kiosk, and returned Engineer Nabati to avoid monotony, and make prominent places and the other hollow, and break the triangles on the upper sides, and break Alhnt in the basement, and make consistent the statues prominent in both floors,

Statues: on the first floor between the columns of others, statues of gods known as the Greek Baldioschori, or (Castor and Pollux of the Romans) (Castor and polux) and the two sons of Zeus, and they lead the dead to the underworld and, therefore, holds each and every one of them the reins of his horse, and moving the first toward the West, and the second towards the east, they signify that follow the sun at sunrise and sunset. Aldioschori and fits in the upper floor of the Amazon women warriors as they say Greek mythology, has lifted every one Blttha over her head, and began to dance the war dance, while gowns flying in the air. The kiosk at the front, giving the statue Taiki Lucky Gods, have been charged with her left hand a century of prosperity, and the right, a symbol of fertility, and many such statues in Greek art, and surrounding the statue of the winged goddess of victory, number six,

Within the Treasury: is composed within the cabinet of three rooms, two on the side and the other in the center, and rooms side empty apart from Treasury dug in the room, Bank, and the chamber of Central and climb the staircase, stands with sides of 12.50 meters, and on three aspects of the cabinets are placed in sarcophagi for the burial, This was the room closed the door bronze or wooden as evidenced by the lingering effects on the outskirts of the gate top and bottom,

Petra won the competition in the new seven wonders of the world after the official support of the vote, where it was considered a national duty, and the Jordanian government launched a huge propaganda campaigns in order to Petra in the Jordanian newspapers, radio, Jordanian and Jordanian television to stimulate the citizens of the Kingdom of the vote. And companies began to launch campaigns to support the vote,