Trade in the era of the Pharaohs

Was the site of Excellence Egypt geographically, where it mediates three continents are: Africa and Europe, coupled with a land routes from the east by the Sinai Peninsula, and through the West, where the Western Sahara in the South there are some roads, and the River Nile a significant impact in a telephone Egypt states neighboring And the establishment of economic and commercial relations with these countries

Communication and economic returns, and of trade with neighboring countries to about 3200 BC during the era of the family were the kings of Egypt's keenness to establish business relations with Syria, which was dubbed Pfniqia to import rice and pine wood, oil and wine in earthenware jars. These relationships may be due to the pre-dynastic period, ie it could extend to 3500 BC. m

 Some of these have been used wood imported from Lebanon in the tombs of kings at Abydos. And found some vases from southern Iraq. Saw the south as well as commercial exchange between Egypt and Nubia back to the era of the Second Dynasty 3000. M from the reign of King (Khasekhem), where the Egyptians imported from Nubia ebony and ivory, and is exchanged with stone vases and pottery from Egypt.
Been imported into Egypt from Libya in the west oils, particularly olive oil, as well as livestock of all kinds

With the beginning of the Old Kingdom about 2700 BC. M also find King (Bent) is the first kings of the fourth dynasty, and Abu (Cheops) send trade missions to Phoenicia to import cedar wood in the merchant fleet comprises forty ships, which shows the volume of trade exchange large, with reference to the the arrival of the Egyptian commercial activity to the island of Crete in the Mediterranean Sea, which also extended through the Fifth Dynasty in the reign of King (Userkaf) to the south shore of the Islands of Greece

In the south there were commercial flights between Egypt and Nubia during the Fourth Dynasty, fifth and sixth, where he is the exchange of grain, linen and Egyptian faience, honey, livestock and plants from Nubia, also extended trade to Punt, and was accompanied by these campaigns guard of the Egyptian army and translators

As of the West was not imported cattle from sheep and goats and cows for the abundance of grassland as well as with end of unity between north and south at the end of the old state and the disintegration of the country and entering the era of decay I in 2200 BC. till 2062 BC. m did not witness the country's only the band, and the collapse of central government , activity ceased trade with neighboring countries

 With the beginning of the Middle Kingdom 2062 - 1675 BC. m, and after the country's unity for the second time at the hands of the King (Mentuhotep) second back trade missions to the activity, especially with the South in the (Puntland), where the king sent (Mentuhotep) the second fleet business to bring the marble. Broken parts, bearing to be installed on the shore of the Red Sea

In the Middle Egypt was the consolidation of trade relations with Phoenicia, Syria and Palestine, where this country was a mall for the disposal of their products from the vases and fabrics, linen, turquoise stones and wood import rice, oil and some products for Iraq

As in the west, the king sent (Amenemhat) and I (Senusret) first brought his son to many types of livestock

With the fall of the Middle Kingdom in 1675 BC. m and for a hundred years attacked the Hyksos Egypt are the peoples of the Asian - and subjected north of the country to their rule and confined the rule of the Egyptians just south of the country, which led to the suspension of commercial activity, especially with the East and West, but has continued with the Nuba in the south until it was Liberation of the country once again at the hands of the King (Ahmose I) in 1575 BC. m and the unity of Egypt for the third time and the establishment of a modern state

 With the beginning of the New Kingdom 1575 950 BC. AD, Egypt witnessed a boom civilization is pre-where, Egypt became a great empire after a series of wars with neighboring countries, both from the east or the west or the south to secure its borders and became the Egyptian border, stretching from northern Syria (including Syria, Lebanon and Palestine In the west a large part of Libya) and even the Fourth Cataract in Nubia in the south. Egypt has the rulers and kings have worked to establish a powerful empire prompted the neighboring countries wishful to establish diplomatic and trade relations on a large scale to win over Egypt

And when she entered the neighboring countries under Egyptian control and became a trade during that period, semi-internal, ie within a single State had to make do on the transfer of all the wealth of this country between each other without barriers, there was a kind of free trade between East and West, South and Central Empire, witnessed the Egyptian markets mixed Traders and goods from all countries and countries

 If they continued the Egyptian fleet in the period, the era of the modern state is its activity usual in the movement between the parts of the empire to meet Egypt's needs of all types of trade witnessed Egypt's best and richest eras of economic so that the capital of Luxor (Thebes) has become the kiss of the ancient world and Dora capitals and has become one of the richest cities of the world's richest. Witness the great impact the remainder of it on the Egyptian economy at that time

With the demise of the era of the modern state and the entry of Egypt, the era of decay of the third beginning approximately in 950 BC. Till the end of the Pharaonic times in 332 BC. M Egypt has come under the rule of foreigners from the Nubians, Libyans, Persians, and finally, (Alexander) the largest and the activity of trade between Egypt and its neighbors erratic. And unstable depends on political circumstances and the nature of the ruling, nationality and internal relations. Sometimes we find Egypt ruled by the Nubians and sometimes Libyans and sometimes the horse each group, while ruled Egypt was a commercial activity increases with the Nuba by virtue of the Nubians with Libya by the Libyans, and so on but continued to trade to include other countries both in Asia, in Persia, Iraq and southern Europe and southern Africa has not witnessed the history of before

History bears witness with the rule of Egypt Twenty-sixth Dynasty with the reign of King (Psammetik) I 664 BC. until in 525 BC. during the reign of King (Psammetik) Third, during this period wanted kings of this family re-glories of modern civilization great after taking control of Egypt in Egypt to restore control of some areas lost Egypt in the east or south with the continuing activity of trade with countries in these regions over the nearly 134-year

 The most important events in that period is to send Egypt fleet business to explore the shores of the African continent, from the Red Sea from Egyptian ports to the south, passing all ports on the shore of the African continent to open new commercial markets and continued the trip about three years, succeeded where the fleet of sailing around the African continent and return from the west through the strait of Gibraltar (pillars of Heracles) loaded with the wealth of Africa from all countries have stated pilots fleet in the records that when setting sail in fragile from the Red Sea was the sun shines on their left and at a certain point, when setting sail in fragile and found the sun shines on their right hand and this is proof they passed at the Cape of Good Hope South Africa for their commitment to the African shore of the continent, is the first time the fleet is a trip around the African continent

 Was credited for the trade of Egypt and the Egyptian fleet in the discovery of this continent, in order to trade and discovery at the same time and had this exchange of trade between different countries, both in Asia or Africa or Europe, with many, many of the peoples of the world requires a team of translators is the translation between these trade missions to each other. Was Translators Ilqbwa (b thinkers and Iao) in the sense translator for easy handling with foreign parties