Phoenician civilization

Phoenician civilization of the most important and oldest ancient civilizations and has strong assets in history
Phoenicians Semitic group of assets, a branch of the Canaanites of the Giants. Inhabited the Mediterranean coasts of more than 4000 years BC. In certain periods, the Phoenicians dominated most of the islands of the Mediterranean to spread their colonies of Carthage in North Africa to Corsica and southern Spain. Greeks called residents of these areas Balfoinicos (phoinikies), which means Abannvsgiyn because of the color of their clothes and Oqmsthm purple, which are notorious for Besbaghtha of marine shells Almorks

Phoenicians alphabet known for their writings and the most advanced, which relied on the exits of characters instead of the graphic, such as hieroglyphic writing and the cuneiform alphabet and was out for each of the contemporary Arabic, Hebrew, Greek and Latin. And likely to be the inhabitants of the coast of Syria, Lebanon, Tunisia and Malta have roots in Phoenician

Despite the many archaeological missions that have worked in all the ancient Phoenician sites, the detection of these sites has not exceeded the ground layers dating back to Byzantine times, Romanian and in some locations to the Phoenicians has been reported from many historical sources, Babylonian, Assyrian, Greek and Pharaonic

And agreed that the emergence of Phoenician cities due to the four thousand years BC. The historians have disagreed in the assets of origin of them said they came from the shores of the Red Sea and some of them will bring them again to the people of Dilmun in the Persian Gulf. However, they agreed that the Phoenicians were Canaanites Semites from the heart of Sam son of Noah and linking them to al-Tabari Balamaliq of Perishing Arabs

The Strabo (64 BC. AD 1919), geographical Roman, pointed to the graves in the islands of Bahrain similarity Phoenician tombs, and the inhabitants of these islands Dzaiarham remember that the names and towns are the names of Vinkip. He also said that in these cities Phoenician structures that resemble structures. Further evidence that supports this theory, the names of the Arabian Peninsula in the east of the same names of the cities established by the Phoenicians on the Syrian coast. Such as (s) on the coast of Oman, and (Jbeil) and Arwad (Arwad the old name for the island of Muharraq in Bahrain and the island of Tarot Qatif by the name of the city close to Beirut, Lebanon, was found Patarrot Qatif and the effects of many Phoenician

As the Jean-Jacques Biriby that sped away from the Phoenicians to the Makran coast, where they built their cities Shami and established their civilization they published in the Mediterranean Sea. As for Francis to time the author of "History of the ancient Near East," he believes they "have taken the caravan route from Qatif to Wadi Gtefan and Mount collarette in Najd. And then passed through tattooing and Qassim Valhnakip. And them walked in the road routes of pilgrims each year [and said Ameen Rihani: "What is agreed upon by historians and archaeologists that the Phoenician like the Arabs are Semites. Origin, but they are Arabs. Displaced from the beaches on the eastern Arab Persian Gulf, from Qatif and Bahrain to the coasts of the Mediterranean in ancient times

As stated in Part II of the language of the Arabs "... It seems that they (ie, the Canaanites, Phoenicians) of Arab origin have moved the old traditions that they Zanoa from homes adjacent to the Arabian Gulf to the coasts of the Mediterranean
Henry said that the origin of Rawl j nson Phoenicians (Canaanites) of the population of Bahrain, Al-Qatif in the Persian Gulf. Zanoa from there to the coast of the Levant for nearly five thousand years. Arab origins, and they and there names Veniqip Veniqip cities such as Tyre, Byblos and Arwad

The Arab historian Abu Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH / 922 AD) that "the Canaanites, the Arabs are extinct, and they Bonsabhm return to the Giants." And Ibn Khaldun on the Canaanites, taking on al-Tabari: "... The Canaanites are the Giants, who had been deployed in the Levant and controlled." He also said: "The first king of the Arabs in the Levant as we learned of the giants." He also said: "The TaSeenMeem and the Giants and Amim and Jasim speak Arabic

 Dr. Pierre Zloa (specialist in the study of DNA and teacher at the Lebanese American University and director of the Middle East in the Genographic Project) has conducted a recent study within the project Genographic Project of the National Geographic Foundation, which aims to study the migration movement of peoples historically. Has been able over the past five to determine the gene "the inheritance" distinguish the people of the coast of Greater Syria called the scientific name of the J2 is no different from the genes of the people of the Arabian Peninsula, but concentrated on the coast in the vicinity of the Mediterranean and overlapping genes of many other what explains the marriage of people to each other. Says: "genetically any scientifically impossible to divide the people who live in areas of Phoenician civilization

 P-99% of children have the gene J2, which reached their holders to this part of the world by about 10 thousand years, ie with the beginning of the era of urbanization (the transition from traveling to the state of residence). And inhabited this land and established their villages and towns, and some of them emigrated to other parts of the Mediterranean where he built settlements there and behind the effects and genes. Valjin J2 found in all the cities used by the Phoenicians in the Mediterranean basin from Carthage to Sicily and Malta ... Which dates back its presence in the region to 2000 BC. "Stresses this study that the Phoenicians and the Canaanites are Tzmitan for one people. The research further indicated to the spread of DNA mtDNA Haplotype U6b in different regions in northern Europe and western Africa, indicating the presence of Phoenicians in those areas

Canaanites settled the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea, which includes <[Soeriao Lebanon and Palestine]> current since 5000 BC. M. Since 1100 BC. M, called the Canaanites who inhabited the coastal areas north of Tyre Phoenicians until the upper coast of Syria, the Canaanites were named South Balvelstien.
Phoenicians established cities on the west coast of the Mediterranean Sea is still to this day is full of such images, and Ugarit, Arwad, Sidon, Byblos and others.
Phoenicia and cities reached its commercial peak of its glory in the thirteenth century BC It was the contacts, including the marine areas of the ancient world as a whole amounted to a great degree of trade
In the late second millennium BC, still controlled the Mediterranean, Aegean, allowing Veniqiin to expand their trade in the Navy. And distributed their ships and then colonies in all parts of the Mediterranean

Extended Phoenician cities in ancient times, the coastal zone of the city of Ugarit in northern Syria (modern Ras Shamra) to Acre in northern Palestine, the length of about 322 km. Then settled in the east coast of Cyprus and that of the rich copper and precious stones, and then to the abundance of grain and Khmurha and Olives, and its center between two worlds. And built most of the stores coast.
Were interested in regions of Cilicia and Tartus, and from there came to Rhodes in front of the beach. Settled in the islands of Crete and the "Cyclades". But they did not advance beyond the Dardanelles in the establishment of the colonies because of the distance. Though their convoys had reached the shores of the Black Sea and Armenia.
In the south, the presence of the Phoenicians; but they did not establish colonies because of the presence of the Egyptians. Has set up warehouses in Memphis, where enjoy the freedom of trade. And established a special Balsurien alive since the twelfth century BC, and established a temple to Astarte

As competition intensified Greeks, Phoenicians preferred to leave the door open in front of Sidon, Vengulwa areas of influence of trade to the western basin of the Mediterranean. They settled in Sicily, and "Iotiqa" (old city) in Tunisia today, Malta, keeping in their choice of their colonies and maritime trade center site to create a natural harbors. From there, the Phoenicians to the south of Sardinia, and adjacent islands "Kalpaliar." And then have stepped toward the "Tarshish" (Spain), where one of the station, turned the business into a colony

Carthage were not the first colony established in North Africa, but preceded a colony "Iotiqa" (the year 100 BC. M) on the River abstraction, and "Zaris" (Bizerte). It is called Carthage (modern city) to distinguish it from its neighbor, "Iotiqa" (the old city). Was built around 814 BC. M. To be the link between Tyre and the Phoenician colonies. Nominee has chosen its strategic location between the eastern and western basins of the Mediterranean. Related to the African continent by land, sea and various terminals and warehouses and Phoenician colonies in the West. And has become Carthage or Carthage legitimate heir to the city of Tyre, after the fall of the latter formed the business empire, has become proverbial in the prosperity and progress. It should also be noted that Viniqii Carthage basement Balbonqien mixture between the Phoenicians and the indigenous inhabitants of North Africa

Herodotus tells that the pharaoh Nkao II wanted to gnawing on maritime trade, the Phoenicians, he asked the sailors to take a trip around Africa and they trip lasted three years, from the Red Sea to the Cape of Good Hope, and then returned through Gibraltar . The ancient world could not believe that the sun shines always on the left, brightened the day of the right of the sailors. When lack of Mwonthm, they stop on the coast for the cultivation of certain crops and then continue sailing after harvest    

  In a study of a researcher "Hynekp Zudhov", translated to Arabic d. Hassan Omran, entitled "Sorry Columbus not the first to discover America," reported from within the scientific arguments made by that crossing the Atlantic had already Columbus centuries, found in America to some of the artifacts and evidence that indicates that the Phoenicians had crossed the Atlantic and arrived in America in ancient times, It is this evidence to find the thousands of artifacts in the graves in Guatemala, including a very small amulet of the god (Pace) with features of ugly beard and was believed to Settlers of the Middle East in the first of thousands of BC that is doom and bad luck. Skill of the Phoenicians, marine and experience to enter into the midst of the sea, and a spell Pace in the graves of the rite of the Phoenicians, as proven by archaeologists in the tombs in various parts of the Middle East, as well as engraving famous known inscription Paraiba in Brazil and inscriptions discovered "Steve Bartalumio" in the middle of Utah in the US United States

Did not seek to ignore the Phoenicians trade with the country, "ABN AMRO", and Mesopotamia, and beyond of the countries and peoples. Vchabt caravan routes in all directions even included countries related to the sea Pfiniqia such as Egypt and Asia Minor. The most important wild strangers are: coastal roads: one towards the south, passing through all the Phoenician cities and the coast of Palestine until the Sinai. It is there the road is divided into two divisions: the first towards the Arabian Peninsula, where the famous Persian Gulf cities named Phoenician cities. And the second to go to Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia. The coastal road towards the north, thus expressed Phoenicia towards Cilicia and Latakia and Tartous Ugarit. And was the capital of the Hittites "Htosh" (Cui strait today) point of convergence between the "royal road" toward the Persian "Sardis" capital "of Lydia" Western Asia Minor, and between the northern route toward Armenia and the Black Sea

Internal roads: namely, the two main roads, the first branches on the coastal road north. Goes from Ugarit about Hama, Aleppo, Edessa, and Carchemish, and Nisibis in the Syrian, is related to the Euphrates Valley, even between two rivers, or go to Nineveh, Harran. The second route reflects the mountains of Lebanon to destroy the land of Damascus Zabadani between Mesopotamia and eastern Syria and that is the shortest route, but more difficult. Both of the Arabian Peninsula and Mesopotamia was the link between Phoenicia and India. In their own ways of this land, the Phoenicians reside friendly relations with the peoples of the countries and regions which cross them; Phippnon bonds of understanding with the tribes, and help them to each other brokers or counselors. This allowed them to create commercial stations and their neighborhoods. As the security of their convoys evil thieves attackers in remote areas isolated

 Not surprising that the Phoenician traders continue to trip a few years sometimes. Understanding of hikers, offering to peoples Msnoathm and Crafts others. Cfhiniqia and the country could not give a lot, with the exception of timber, oil and alcohol. So count on the production of other buy and sell. Fastordoa wool, leather and meat from the center of Syria, honey, cereals, from Palestine, and spices and seasonings from the Far East, and copper from Cyprus, Greece and the Caucasus, and gold of Spain, and precious stones from Egypt and Sinai , And perfumes from Mesopotamia, and ebony and ivory from the Sudan, flax and cotton from Egypt, and horses from Armenia

The religion of the Phoenicians, a set of rituals and worship set up by the Phoenician cities, and vary according to places in which they are, despite their participation in the perception of all of the same God and the cosmic and natural phenomena.
The habit that every city of three gods: the God of elderly have the power and wisdom, usually called "Baal" any master, and a female goddess and life skill, and the God of man is a plant and childbirth
The trio are Jbeil Il elderly and female Jbeil defect to their side and god boy Adonis

In Sidon, Baal-Sidon was elderly and female and Ashtert Ashmoun god boy, who celebrated his death and a mission each year.
The three images composed of the God of heaven and Baal Shamim Ashtert or gods and humans and plants, and the young boy Mlgart patron of the town and its king.
The effects in a number of other gods such as Baal Welders who slave in the Western Mediterranean, Carthage and Tanit Goddess Carthaginian, and Baal of Lebanon, which gave him a factor Hiram on keratosis Hadasht in Cyprus China the bronze and the death of the God of the free and the summer harvest, and Baal Cassius (mountain bald) and Baal Zaphon and Prati (Hermon) gods of the mountains. Then the goddess Shamash (the sun) and the gods yum and a day a month (moon)

We have no information only a few clouds on the Phoenician worship rituals and ceremonies. There are signs that they were offering sacrifices to appease the gods and Khuntm wearing purple uniforms during the ritual. It was a sacrifice to the gods and to enter into the courtyard of the temple, he had to purify himself and replaces the mundane clothes with new ones. As they were about the structure of swine, lest Mlgart Tdnasseh there for her.
When the Phoenicians and the sacrifice they had exceeded that of their property may be exceeded in order to become a member of them or their slaves They were picking someone to be a sacrifice as contained in the translation of one of their own waste archaeological pattern Paraíba
In celebration of the death of God, people shave their heads and beat her and live Almnahat and declare mourning in all parts, and the day it is due to say that life has become in the sky

Meet most of the scholars of languages and the effects that the invention of the alphabet mother, who gave birth to them all the alphabets of the world such as Greek, Latin, Arabic and Hebrew have been at the hands of the Phoenicians, where he found the oldest No. (Loch ceramic) written by the alphabet in Ugarit, near the city of Latakia in Syria of Herodotus, the Greek rates invention Vahtml Cadmus the Phoenician. And go to the Cadmus to Thebes dissemination among the peoples of Europe. There are traces in the city of Thebes is a pattern to the image Cadmus teaches his children the alphabet. It is the oldest inscriptions written alphabet Phoenician inscriptions the tomb of the king of Byblos Ahiram or "Byblos". He states that he found traces of a Phoenician texts in other countries such as Cyprus, Egypt, Spain, Italy and Tunisia and in particular the majority of Mediterranean countries, and was written language Alviiqip Vahtml left from right. As noted researcher, "Steve Bartalumio" for Vinicp raised back to Carthage in the middle of Utah in the United States