The most important capitals of Ancient Egypt

Was the capital of Egypt in the Pharaonic era city, and the headquarters of the king who ruled Egypt are subject to various criteria, including geographic, including political and other religious.
This was the city as the capital gain the bulk of the attention of kings pharaohs who they took as a place to stay in terms of models, where construction of temples, palaces and buildings of the nobility and senior statesmen and look metropolis of the country into which goods and looks the most beautiful city in Egypt, and with the demise of the star and the emergence of another city, less attention and stretch the hands of her neglect to return an ordinary city not only by the ruins of glory run, have long or short period of prosperity may be tens or hundreds of years and which extends the duration of its prosperity to thousands of years

First: Memphis (3200 - 2200 BC)

It is the first Egyptian political Asim after the unification of the country at the hands of King Narmer after a bitter struggle with the North. It was the location for "Memphis," which was selected by King "Narmer" Geography is the site Astrtejy as it is located between the north and south, and this site can be to oversee all parts of Egypt, especially after the unit where it is bordered to the east shore of the river Nile, such as protection of natural hurt passing and invaded it and in the West Desert of Egypt and the Giza Plateau from the northeast, while in the south extends to the territory of Upper Egypt (at) pro faculties of the king of the South (Narmer). and an increase in the fortifications of King Narmer inform the (Memphis) fence surrounding the north, west and south have been repainted in white fired awareness of the title of "pilgrimage tweaked" any fence or wall white. The title (Memphis) is derived from (of people) any effect of the beautiful splendor and beauty

And has been in Egypt since 3200 - 2200 BC. m control of the Memphis political capital of the country throughout the Archaic period and the era of the Old Kingdom era of the so-called builders of the pyramids. It was replete with deficient property of the king and members of the royal family as well as palaces and houses of nobles and senior state officials and many of the temples, especially the Temple of the god "Ptah," and his wife, the gods "Sekhmet" and her son "Nfrtm" and became the capital of Egypt for more than a thousand years.

With the fall of the old state Hebei star Memphis as the capital but remained throughout the Pharaonic, Greek, Romanian and even the Islamic era, among the most important Egyptian cities at all as a city, religious, where the headquarters of the god "Ptah , "One of the most important gods President in Egypt as well as trade between the north and south, we find that Alexander the Great had after his conquest of Egypt in 332 BC. m, and visited the temple, "Ptah," and closer to the Egyptians this visit to one of the most important Egyptian gods, but he has not chosen again as the capital of Egypt, Thebes Luxor, but chose to site a new city in the region Racodp a fishing village on the northern coast of Egypt offset by a small island, and pointed to his commanders to link the island's coast for the establishment of two ports and was alleged that the name of the city of Alexandria to his name

Also visited by Amr ibn al-Aas at the conquest of Egypt in 641 AD, and a treaty clarifying the Romans in Egypt and security to the Egyptians under the rule of Arabs and Muslims, and that the importance of this city and are considered "Memphis" dead hostage is now a small village Egypt lost its most important city in Egypt

 Second: good (Luxor) 2062-950 BC. m:

After the collapse of the old state conflicts occurred between the governors and rode every ruler Bikulaimh Egypt became composed of several regions at daggers-drawn by the referees the rest of the seizure of the territory the other, until they could be the King "Mentuhotep II "In 2062 BC. M from the completion of the second unit between the territory of North and South for the second time, and here we find it did not keep his ancient capital, "Memphis", but he chose the capital of the territory "and AST" and meaning the wand as his capital he called the Greeks later after them, then good Arabs Luxor

Did you enjoy your "and AST" a lot in the Middle Kingdom, where we find that the kings of the Twelfth Dynasty established the capital city, which was "east of Tawi" Allst now until the entry of the Hyksos, Egypt in 1675 BC . M, and seizing on the north and center of the country and only the rule of the Egyptians on the south and returned "and AST" the capital of insisting during the era of decay of the second, a main city in the south, which began with the liberation war led by the King, "Seqenenre" and was succeeded by his son, "Kamose" and after them, "Ahmose I" who is able to expel the Hyksos and reunited Egypt for the third time and became "The AST" of the Egyptian capital of the country for the second time in its history with the beginning of the era of the modern state has seen "The AST" with the rulers of Egypt, such as bone, "Ahmose I" and "Thutmose III" and "Amenhotep III" and "Seti I" and "Ramses II" and "Ramses III

Became "The AST" the greatest city in the world of the Egyptian empire, which work kings bone secured and hit on any hand of aggressor, whether in the east or south or west and through 600 years have seen "The AST" the greatest glories , Where Trump borders of Egypt from northern Syria and western Iraq to Central Africa in the south and a half to Libya in the west and hit tribute to Egypt, as well as foreign delegations asking Dr. Egypt and the holding of relations at the diplomatic and trade, military and won "The AST" of the rulers of great interest over the ancient Egyptian history, has expanded its turf and has grown architecture including replete with temples of great still remain until now witnessing greatness Egyptian civilization

 Such as: the temples of Karnak, Luxor, Medinet Habu, the Ramesseum, as well as cemeteries luxury of the kings of the pharaohs and their wives in the Valley of the Kings and Queens as well as the tombs of the nobles and funerary temples enough to give us an idea of how far we have reached "and AST" during the era of the modern state even called the capital cent door. As well as seen "and AST" commercial activity worldwide has never seen the city before, and it does not pass one day only and there are delegations from Asia and delegations from Africa and Libya, with the rich goods from all over the ancient world incomparable cities "Paris" or "London" these days

With the passage of time and the end of the modern state and the age of decay of the third and took over Egypt's rulers from Nubia and Libya and the Persians have been neglected "and AST" while maintaining its status as the greatest city in Egypt, until he invaded Egypt, the Persian king, "Cambyses" 525 BC. M, which was the destruction and looting of temples of treasures and destroyed most of the landmarks and taking with him the most important artists, became "The AST" a devastated city after it was stolen bride Middle East. And remained that way until the end of the Age of the Pharaohs

 And moved the Egyptian capital of the north, south, east and west so the choice of the Greek capital of Alexandria on the northern coast of Egypt, fearing that Iqaomanm Egyptians in the country in case of taking "and AST" their capital, while remaining "and AST," which consortium from Britain by the Greek name of the new "good" on the name of one of the Greek cities of the most important cities to its ancient Greek through the ages, Romanian and even Islamic, and the largest and most important cities of Upper Egypt and the Arabs called it the name "Luxor", and that for the large number of buildings and found great

Promise to "Memphis" and "good" did not receive any of the Egyptian cities the privilege of being the capital of Egypt, only some small towns such as "Ott Tawi" Allst and some small towns for very short periods Kawasam to Pharaonic Egypt. And even the city, "the righteousness of Rameses," Sun stone built by "Ramses II" has not taken a political capital of the country without "and AST," but rather a summer venue for him and his family and not as a capital by the management of the country and its interests

 Thus, we find that during the Old Kingdom Memphis and Thebes during the Middle and Modern and Late Period Tboota a high status among the cities in Egypt Egypt's Pharaonic Kawasam Standard