Sunday, 23 January 2011

How to divide the history of Egypt

Modern historians agree on the division of the ancient pharaonic Egypt's history into three main sections is

The old state and the Central and the modern

  And represents all of these countries in an era of prosperity and times of progress, and includes a number of families which ruled Egypt Pharaonic Standard. Heads of these countries three months, the kings of their country, they are two halves of the Standardization of Narmer (MENA) Mentuhotep II and Ahmose the First. This has been the era of the reign of the old fashioned included first and second families, which laid the foundations of Egyptian civilization, and which supported the pillars of the Egyptian state. Also passed through the country after each of those States era weakness dominated the foreign part of the country and near the end of pharaonic history, enjoyed the country's era of renaissance known era Sawy, try the Egyptians to lift their country from a new, live glory , Has been divided by historians that the Pharaonic era to one Thirty-dynasty

And this age can be divided into the following ages:

1 - Archaic period:

  It starts around 3200 BC. M and includes the first family and the second most important kings and the king "Mina" united the two countries have been laying the foundations of the unified state and its capital, "Memphis

2 - Old Kingdom:

  It starts around 2780. Families and include the third, fourth, fifth and sixth most important kings and the king "Zoser" owner of the first pyramid in Egypt and the first use of stone in Egypt and the kings also Khufu Khafre Menkaure. The country has witnessed in this era of prosperity in all areas of architectural culture, ideology and the doctrine of the sun began to emerge since the early Fifth Dynasty

  the era of the first Aladhlal:

  It starts around 2281 BC. M and include the family seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth, after the end of the sixth dynasty lose hold of the reins of government from the hands of the king and the prevailing political decay, social disintegration and returned the country to what it was before the unit of division and differentiate and civil war broke out and spread the poverty and misery and faded the central authority

4 - the Middle Kingdom:

  It starts around 2134 BC. M. Includes two families the eleventh and twelfth, after the success of the King "Montuhotep" the second in the unification of the country again and the back of star city "good" Luxor the capital of the country until King "Amenemhat" I in 2000 BC . M "Itt Tawi" Allst the current capital of Egypt in the Fayoum. This era saw the progress in architecture, art, literature and a comprehensive renaissance of Egyptian Civilization

 Aladhlal II era:

  It starts around 1778 BC. M. Includes families thirteenth and fourteenth and fifteenth and sixteenth century, at the end of the Middle Kingdom Egypt entered into a period of weakness where the forces of the influence of regional governors and fighting them and caused this to give the opportunity for the tribes of small called of Maniton name "Hyksos," who used against Egypt and chariots were subject to control north of the country for a hundred years and made "Laawaris" Tanis as their capital and took control of the Nubians to the southern part of the country. Did not remain independent from Egypt only a small part when the kings ruled by "good" Luxor.

era of the modern state:

  It starts around 1570 BC. M and include the family of eighteen and nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The "Ahmose" First is the founder of the modern state after the fight against the Hyksos and the Nubians and the reunification of the country and lay the foundation stone of the Egyptian empire where interested in Egypt established a strong army organizer helped set up the empire and extended the Egyptian border to the north of Syria and south to central Africa, and the most important kings of this age, "Amenhotep" Akhenaten, Nefertiti third Hachpsot Tutankhamun Ramses II Ramses III. This was the era of era of openness to the world, Egypt has the best in ages in various areas of architectural and agricultural civilization and morally, militarily, and Egypt became prosperous and this is what sparked the modern state recorded in Luxor and Abu Simbel

 Late Period (the era of foreign influence):

  It starts around 1085 BC. M. Includes Dynasties from the twenty-first until the thirty-first, in which divided Egypt into mini-states used in the family twenty soldiers Libyan mercenaries, so as to enable one of them, "Shashank" I ascend the throne of Egypt and the establishment of the family second and twenty-separated Nubia from Egypt so as to enable the kings of Nubia from taking over all of Egypt under rule about 720 BC. m and the foundations of their own king "Banky" the first king of the family twenty-fifth even entered Egypt the King, "Ashurbanipal" Assyrian even expelled King "Absmatik" and declared himself king of Egypt 663 BC. m which is known as era-Sawy and try to reproduce the glories of the Pharaohs first, even invaded the King, "Cambyses" Egypt in the year 525 BC. m annexation of Egypt to the Persian Empire and destroyed the capital of "good" and the revolts against the Persians several times until he returned the horse again in 341 BC. till income of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. M and annexed to his property. Thus ends the Pharaonic era begins the age hero

     

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