The Romanian Civilization

Romanian ancient civilization deep in history
Empire Romanian is a term called the phase that followed the Republic of Romania, who ruled Rome, it is the evolution of the political rule of Rome, has been characterized by the stage of imperial rule of Rome in this period, authoritarian rule, has been behind the imperial rule of 500 years of Republican rule of Rome (510 BC. M - Horn I BC) that had been weakened by the conflict between Gaius Marius and Sulla and the civil war of Julius Caesar against Pompey

There is no specific date shows the transition of Rome from Republic to Empire, but can be considered the beginning of the Romanian Empire from the beginning of the appointment of a dictator Julius Kiasir always to Rome in 44 BC. M, at which point won by Ooctavien and heir of Julius Caesar at the Battle of Actium (32 September 31 BC), as well as granting the Roman Senate Honorific to Ooctavien Honorific and the label (August Great) in the (June 16, 27 BC. M).

 The Romans are the people journeyed perhaps from eastern Europe or Asia and then Rahlo the islands of Italy from the twelfth century by century and they founded the city of ancient Rome, then the work of the people to organize and develop its political, military, social , And began the gradual expansion and the foundations of the state took control in the first instance on Italian peninsula and then expanded this country and took control of most of the old world and its borders a vast spread of the British Isles and the shores of Europe -Atlantic west to Mesopotamia and the Caspian Sea coast east and central Europe to the north of the Alps and to sub-Saharan Africa and the Red Sea to the south, and this was an example on the concept of the State University (Universal State) with a colonial character and continued until the fifth century AD in which the Germanic tribes were able to control the provinces of the Romanian state in 476 AD

There is no documentation or evidence to determine the historical coming of the Romans to the Italian peninsula and formed other city of Rome, but historians rely on a set of myths and stories passed down by those who have studied ancient history through the ages. And emphasizes the archaeological discoveries and historical documents and facts of the establishment of the small village was about the first conflict between two brothers Rommelios and Remus on the founding of the city of Rome and the second conflict between Hiroshima in advance, and her father Aimlios about the fate of the children arose mother threw the twin in the river Tiber and is told as well that the twins have babies lupus for more than a week. and then were found patron was sponsored by the region and transferred directly to his wife where they bring up even reached the age of 18 Rome relative to its founder Romulus and proclaimed himself the King of the first king of Rome and the surrounding areas, and the foundations of this series from the Kings, totaling seven ruled Rome. The novels that focused Romulus through the establishment of the 

  state military aspects have been developing a strategy are summarized in the following

* control of the land around Rome.
* established the first rules of Romanian laws and religion.
* expansion and control of the nearby provinces and neighboring

 Dropped the people's revolution Roman king tyrant Tarllenius considered Romans AH 509 BC. M juncture a key role in their political, social, economic and named it in glory, and that was after a series of political and military events that remain mysterious until the present day, and reached the Romanian people to the new organization of power in the Rome, and from that date began the actual process of building the Romanian empire, they made a geographic expansion, where they were a key objective in mind is limited in geographic expansion to use military force, political and economic

And saw, that this is the best way to achieve the aspirations of this young State, so they started wars like invasions tribal Ltd. aimed at subjugating the tribes and families around Rome, and that was through the stages of the First Republic, which she founded the Empire Romanian, and then began to stage the Second Republic which saw the transformation of the country emerging from the force Latin in the Italian peninsula to the global military force affected Pmaaijeri and affect at the center of the ancient world (the Mediterranean) and in this phase ended with the wars of Rome in the Italian peninsula, and started wars of the Romans with the Phoenicians (Carthaginians) which was the city of Carthage, located in North Africa their capital, was named after these wars Punic wars

The conflict began - Roman Carthaginian fundamentally as a commercial and then take military dimensions and was the first contact between the parties when the Romans occupied the island of Sicily in 264 BC. M considered Carthaginians this invasion impinge directly to their economic interests, political, and this incident was the beginning of the war between the Romans and Carthaginians, which continued to in 241 s. m.
In the Punic Wars two sides have fought a series of land and sea battles and the resolution of some of the other remained without decisive results, but the majority of the resolution of the battles of the Roman, especially the ground battles naval battles were often the results of the Carthaginians, where most of the naval forces other than the Romans, who were ground troops

 Has achieved the Romans first victory when he pulled out the Carthaginians from Sicily in 241 BC. M, and then followed that enables the Centurion Mokhtarios Marcus Digaulos defeat fleet Carthaginian in 256 BC. M. This was the battle the first naval battle fought by the Roman army, but the Carthaginians did not they always the Roman and decided their leader in this era of time, Hannibal continued Carthaginian control extended patch on the coast of Spain has arrived Mrslia determined to invade the Italian mainland from the North West. And began the Carthaginians their campaign the new Romans, and here began the balance of power leaning against Rome, after more than ten years of continuous wars with the enemies of two different all directions of the Italian peninsula quiet campaign Hannibal studied and prepared her well and became such as the spearhead in the face of ambitions Romanian, especially that This campaign has appeared with the emergence of a number of parties hostile to the Romans and became the Romanian state in fear of alliances that may threaten the existence of state

 Hannibal wins
Hannibal was able to achieve a series of victories, the Carthaginians against the Romans are:
* Victory over the Roman army at the Battle of Kani CANNAE.
* Seizure of the town Saontom ally of Rome.
* Cut Trribia River.
That period has been an alliance between the Macedonian king Philip V and Hannibal against the Romans, and further exacerbated by the separation of Syracuse in Sicily for the central authority in Rome and Rome have become here on the brink of defeat

Defeat Hannibal
There were many reasons defeats Carthaginian, including:
* The ability of leaders to face the Romans difficulties calmly and with poise.
* Benefit from the lessons of successive military hostilities as soon as possible.
* The survival of most of Rome's allies Latinos to her in times of crisis.
• Non-arrival of aid and supplies to the forces of Hannibal of Carthage.
* The government Carthaginian suffers from divisions and corruption, which led to its failure to back the campaign Alhanibalip. * The bulk of the Army (Hannibal) of the Cavalry, and this was an effective weapon in combat operations and moving fast, but it is not adequate for the operations of the siege and occupation of land.

These positions are exploited by the Romans and the effects they reopened the organization of their armies and posted on various fronts, and they have a series of campaigns that led to the restoration of all the cities of Syracuse and Gaby, and the Romans decided to open a front in Spain to besiege Hannibal forces and prevent reinforcements from reaching the

 Romanian troops have caused the defeat of the Carthaginian forces at the Battle of Iiliba Ilipa in Spain and in the meantime dropped the Macedonian king Philip V of an alliance with Hannibal, he went off to the Romans Massalanh

 He has led the Roman Mokhtarios Sibiu army of 25 thousand men of infantry Madamin Balkhialp and cut by the Mediterranean Sea heading to Carthage, the Carthaginians and insisted on calling Hannibal from Spain to lead the Carthaginian armies, and the two armies met in the Battle of Zama, which defeated the Carthaginians. After this defeat, the Treaty was held where the parties agreed that the

* pays tribute Carthaginians fifty years.
     * reduce the Carthaginian Ships to ten ships.

Not to launch any war outside Africa only with the consent of Rome.

 The results of the victory Roman Romanian control on the Spanish coast and south-eastern Spain was divided into two provinces under the name of Spain near and distant Spain.
Following the completion of warding off the danger Carthaginian's attention focused on the east and the Romans are thinking of taking the kingdom of Macedonia and has already declared war on them and they have been represented in the goals

* reduce or eliminate the influence of Macedon in the east.
* control of the islands in the eastern Mediterranean due to its high importance in terms of navigation and trade.
• Access to the territory of the Seleucid Kingdom, which had controlled parts of Asia Minor and northern Syria.

 Shen Romans series of battles that ended the occupation of the entire territory of Macedonia in the east and were controlling the country of the Greeks of Greece, and by the end of the war widening the borders of the Republic of Romanian Spain in the west to the western coast of Asia Minor in the east, in addition to land Carthaginian in North Africa, and divided the vast territory to Seven provinces linked to the central government in Rome.

After these victories have become the Romanian State is a superpower is difficult to conquer and control the destiny of the ancient world east and west, and in this stage began Roman history is abuzz with the names of leaders and leaders of the victorious and became the ruling class to affect the course of events in Rome and outside, and after the rest period that followed the war was a prelude to a new phase conquests of the Romanian wide, and began the process of expansion of the trend towards the imposition of the imperial system was done in two shifts

* Empire first: I entered the Romanian state a crucial new phase in its history, the stage of the empire, after he became leader Octavian first emperor of Rome and His reign lasted nearly 40 years during which to gain control of Egypt after the defeat of Cleopatra at the battle of Actium, Marine and Endowment of Gaul France, and tried to invade Germania internal Fanahzm signed in Tiotberg and Romanian battalions wiped out completely and the number was twenty-five thousand combatant commander and returned to Rome Pharos subdued. And the foundations of the Empire Octavian strain known as strain Jawlianip proportion to his uncle Julius Caesar.

Second Empire: In this period, Christianity began to spread throughout the east of the empire,but the official religion of the empire was a pagan in its origins dating back to Greek religion .

 Started the countdown in the life of the Romanian state, beginning in 235 AD the year was increased serious political and social unrest escalated when the external attacks, especially from the Germanic tribes and the return of the influence of the Persian Empire in the Middle extracted Armenia by the Romans took control of the territory of Mesopotamia and the advance of the army Persian invaded Antioch and Syria could not Romans repelled Until the Emperor Diocletian DIOCLETIAN which is considered the founder of Empire III and was able to re-provision so assigned to four persons sharing power system which was known under the name of the Quartet has continued to work with this system until 305 m and then followed by a struggle Authority continued throughout the period of 306 to 313 m that came to the throne of Emperor Constantine, who believed his major turning point in the path of the Romanian Empire

    

 Division of the empire began in the late third century by Diocletian in 286, was designed to control efficiently the Roman Empire Empire Romanian Bank (Western Roman Empire) refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, the other half of the Roman Empire became known as the Eastern Roman Empire, and today known widely as the Byzantine Empire
Department of Theodosius I (also called the "Great") of the Roman Empire to his two sons Arcadius to the Eastern Roman Empire with his capital in Constantinople and Honorius in the Western empire with his capital in Milan

During the power struggle saw the Romanian state chaos unprecedented, where the competition was on the reins of the empire among the seven men they Maximian and Galirios and Maxntios and Maximenius Daya and Licinius and Constantine as well as Dometios Alexander, who announced split in Africa, and everyone started to collapse, leaving only Licinius, who had control of the the eastern regions and Constantine, who had a strong and dominated the western regions, has reached the two to agree on coexistence and recognition of each of the other authority and control over the areas governed by, and continued this truce, about ten years, in 324 AD Saddam signed between the two men in a battle Odrianoil which won where Constantine and this victory forces Constantine chasing troops to Licinius in Asia Minor and was able Constantine the arrest of his opponent and his execution and became Constantine was emperor only in Rome. has contributed to Constantine to provide freedom for Christians in Rome by issuing a decree of Milan, who fled to the Christians freedom of worship has taken some actions that concern the State including

 * restore order to the State.
* the introduction of reforms which he deemed necessary.
* converting to Christianity and considered the official religion of the Romanian State.
• Creating a new capital of his state in the area on the banks of the Bosphorus Bezentiom and called nueva roma any new Rome was later known as Constantinople

 It is worth mentioning; that era Alhohensteuffinep associated with the final stage of TFT-feudalism in Germany, and the collapse of German sovereignty in Italy. If we tried to Nstqrye date Empire ROMANIAN following through events, we can see that historical period was a struggle between the Emperors Alhohensteoven and the papacy, but if you have passed these events to the background remote seemed to us indeed a conflict between the concepts of the rule of one, two political and spiritual, and this was an inevitable consequence of the concept of deeper and wider than it was for him fratricidal Henry IV and Gregory VII, so that the parties have become each carrying a full claim universal